This is Info file python-lib.info, produced by Makeinfo-1.43 from the input file @out.texi. This file describes the built-in types, exceptions and functions and the standard modules that come with the Python system. It assumes basic knowledge about the Python language. For an informal introduction to the language, see the Python Tutorial. The Python Reference Manual gives a more formal definition of the language. (These manuals are not yet available in INFO or Texinfo format.) Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993 by Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. All Rights Reserved Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the names of Stichting Mathematisch Centrum or CWI not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission. STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. File: python-lib.info, Node: audioop, Up: AUDIO TOOLS Built-in module `audioop' ========================= The audioop module contains some useful operations on sound fragments. It operates on sound fragments consisting of signed integer samples of 8, 16 or 32 bits wide, stored in Python strings. This is the same format as used by the `al' and `sunaudiodev' modules. All scalar items are integers, unless specified otherwise. A few of the more complicated operations only take 16-bit samples, otherwise the sample size (in bytes) is always a parameter of the operation. The module defines the following variables and functions: -- exception of module audioop: error This exception is raised on all errors, such as unknown number of bytes per sample, etc. -- function of module audioop: add (FRAGMENT1, FRAGMENT2, WIDTH) This function returns a fragment that is the addition of the two samples passed as parameters. WIDTH is the sample width in bytes, either `1', `2' or `4'. Both fragments should have the same length. -- function of module audioop: adpcm2lin (ADPCMFRAGMENT, WIDTH, STATE) This routine decodes an Intel/DVI ADPCM coded fragment to a linear fragment. See the description of `lin2adpcm' for details on ADPCM coding. The routine returns a tuple `(SAMPLE, NEWSTATE)' where the sample has the width specified in WIDTH. -- function of module audioop: adpcm32lin (ADPCMFRAGMENT, WIDTH, STATE) This routine decodes an alternative 3-bit ADPCM code. See `lin2adpcm3' for details. -- function of module audioop: avg (FRAGMENT, WIDTH) This function returns the average over all samples in the fragment. -- function of module audioop: avgpp (FRAGMENT, WIDTH) This function returns the average peak-peak value over all samples in the fragment. No filtering is done, so the useability of this routine is questionable. -- function of module audioop: bias (FRAGMENT, WIDTH, BIAS) This function returns a fragment that is the original fragment with a bias added to each sample. -- function of module audioop: cross (FRAGMENT, WIDTH) This function returns the number of zero crossings in the fragment passed as an argument. -- function of module audioop: findfactor (FRAGMENT, REFERENCE) This routine (which only accepts 2-byte sample fragments) calculates a factor F such that `rms(add(fragment, mul(reference, -F)))' is minimal, i.e. it calculates the factor with which you should multiply REFERENCE to make it match as good as possible to FRAGMENT. The fragments should be the same size. The time taken by this routine is proportional to `len(fragment)'. -- function of module audioop: findfit (FRAGMENT, REFERENCE) This routine (which only accepts 2-byte sample fragments) tries to match REFERENCE as good as possible to a portion of FRAGMENT (which should be the longer fragment). It (conceptually) does this by taking slices out of FRAGMENT, using `findfactor' to compute the best match, and minimizing the result. It returns a tuple `(OFFSET, FACTOR)' with offset the (integer) offset into FRAGMENT where the optimal match started and FACTOR the floating-point factor as per findfactor. -- function of module audioop: getsample (FRAGMENT, WIDTH, INDEX) This function returns the value of sample INDEX from the fragment. The time taken by this routine is proportional to `len(fragment)*len(reference)'. -- function of module audioop: findmax (FRAGMENT, LENGTH) This routine (which only accepts 2-byte sample fragments) searches FRAGMENT for a slice of length LENGTH samples (not bytes!) with maximum energy, i.e. it returns I for which `rms(fragment[i*2:(i+length)*2])' is maximal. The routine takes time proportional to `len(fragment)'. -- function of module audioop: lin2lin (FRAGMENT, WIDTH, NEWWIDTH) This function converts samples between 1-, 2- and 4-byte formats. -- function of module audioop: lin2adpcm (FRAGMENT, WIDTH, STATE) This function converts samples to 4 bit Intel/DVI ADPCM encoding. ADPCM coding is an adaptive coding scheme, whereby each 4 bit number is the difference between one sample and the next, divided by a (varying) step. The Intel/DVI ADPCM algorythm has been selected for use by the IMA, so may well become a standard. `State' is a tuple containing the state of the coder. The coder returns a tuple `(ADPCMFRAG, NEWSTATE)', and the NEWSTATE should be passed to the next call of lin2adpcm. In the initial call `None' can be passed as the state. ADPCMFRAG is the ADPCM coded fragment packed 2 4-bit values per byte. -- function of module audioop: lin2adpcm3 (FRAGMENT, WIDTH, STATE) This is an alternative ADPCM coder that uses only 3 bits per sample. It is not compatible with the Intel/DVI ADPCM coder and its output is not packed (due to laziness on the side of the author). Its use is discouraged. -- function of module audioop: lin2ulaw (FRAGMENT, WIDTH) This function converts samples in the audio fragment to U-LAW encoding and returns this as a python string. U-LAW is an audio encoding format whereby you get a dynamic range of about 14 bits using only 8 bit samples. It is used by the Sun audio hardware, among others. -- function of module audioop: max (FRAGMENT, WIDTH) Max returns the maximum of the absolute value of all samples in a fragment. -- function of module audioop: maxpp (FRAGMENT, WIDTH) This function returns the maximum peak-peak value in the sound fragment. -- function of module audioop: mul (FRAGMENT, WIDTH, FACTOR) Mul returns a fragment that has all samples in the original framgent multiplied by the floating-point value FACTOR. Overflow is silently ignored. -- function of module audioop: reverse (FRAGMENT, WIDTH) This function reverses the samples in a fragment and returns the modified fragment. -- function of module audioop: tomono (FRAGMENT, WIDTH, LFACTOR, RFACTOR) This function converts a stereo fragment to a mono fragment. The left channel is multiplied by LFACTOR and the right channel by RFACTOR before adding the two channels to give a mono signal. -- function of module audioop: tostereo (FRAGMENT, WIDTH, LFACTOR, RFACTOR) This function generates a stereo fragment from a mono fragment. Each pair of samples in the stereo fragment are computed from the mono sample, whereby left channel samples are multiplied by LFACTOR and right channel samples by RFACTOR. -- function of module audioop: mul (FRAGMENT, WIDTH, FACTOR) Mul returns a fragment that has all samples in the original framgent multiplied by the floating-point value FACTOR. Overflow is silently ignored. -- function of module audioop: rms (FRAGMENT, WIDTH, FACTOR) Returns the root-mean-square of the fragment, i.e. the square root of the quotient of the sum of all squared sample value, divided by the sumber of samples. This is a measure of the power in an audio signal. -- function of module audioop: ulaw2lin (FRAGMENT, WIDTH) This function converts sound fragments in ULAW encoding to linearly encoded sound fragments. ULAW encoding always uses 8 bits samples, so WIDTH refers only to the sample width of the output fragment here. Note that operations such as `mul' or `max' make no distinction between mono and stereo fragments, i.e. all samples are treated equal. If this is a problem the stereo fragment should be split into two mono fragments first and recombined later. Here is an example of how to do that: def mul_stereo(sample, width, lfactor, rfactor): lsample = audioop.tomono(sample, width, 1, 0) rsample = audioop.tomono(sample, width, 0, 1) lsample = audioop.mul(sample, width, lfactor) rsample = audioop.mul(sample, width, rfactor) lsample = audioop.tostereo(lsample, width, 1, 0) rsample = audioop.tostereo(rsample, width, 0, 1) return audioop.add(lsample, rsample, width) If you use the ADPCM coder to build network packets and you want your protocol to be stateless (i.e. to be able to tolerate packet loss) you should not only transmit the data but also the state. Note that you should send the INITIAL state (the one you passed to lin2adpcm) along to the decoder, not the final state (as returned by the coder). If you want to use `struct' to store the state in binary you can code the first element (the predicted value) in 16 bits and the second (the delta index) in 8. The ADPCM coders have never been tried against other ADPCM coders, only against themselves. It could well be that I misinterpreted the standards in which case they will not be interoperable with the respective standards. The `find...' routines might look a bit funny at first sight. They are primarily meant for doing echo cancellation. A reasonably fast way to do this is to pick the most energetic piece of the output sample, locate that in the input sample and subtract the whole output sample from the input sample: def echocancel(outputdata, inputdata): pos = audioop.findmax(outputdata, 800) # one tenth second out_test = outputdata[pos*2:] in_test = inputdata[pos*2:] ipos, factor = audioop.findfit(in_test, out_test) # Optional (for better cancellation): # factor = audioop.findfactor(in_test[ipos*2:ipos*2+len(out_test)], # out_test) prefill = '\0'*(pos+ipos)*2 postfill = '\0'*(len(inputdata)-len(prefill)-len(outputdata)) outputdata = prefill + audioop.mul(outputdata,2,-factor) + postfill return audioop.add(inputdata, outputdata, 2) File: python-lib.info, Node: CRYPTOGRAPHIC EXTENSIONS, Next: Function Index, Prev: AUDIO TOOLS, Up: Top CRYPTOGRAPHIC EXTENSIONS ************************ The modules described in this chapter support cryptographic algorithms such as RSA. They are only available when explicitly configured (requiring the GNU MP library). * Menu: * mpz:: Built-in module `mpz' * md5:: Built-in module `md5' File: python-lib.info, Node: mpz, Next: md5, Up: CRYPTOGRAPHIC EXTENSIONS Built-in module `mpz' ===================== This module implements the interface to part of the GNU MP library. This library contains arbitrary precision integer and rational number arithmetic routines. Only the interfaces to the *integer* (`mpz_...') routines are provided. If not stated otherwise, the description in the GNU MP documentation can be applied. In general, "mpz"-numbers can be used just like other standard Python numbers, e.g. you can use the built-in operators like `+', `*', etc., as well as the standard built-in functions like `abs', `int', ..., `divmod', `pow'. *Please note:* the bitwise-xor operation has been implemented as a bunch of ands, inverts and ors, because the library lacks an `mpz_xor' function, and I didn't need one. You create an mpz-number, by calling the function called `mpz' (see below for an excact description). An mpz-number is printed like this: `mpz(VALUE)'. -- function of module mpz: mpz (VALUE) Create a new mpz-number. VALUE can be an integer, a long, another mpz-number, or even a string. If it is a string, it is interpreted as an array of radix-256 digits, least significant digit first, resulting in a positive number. See also the `binary' method, described below. A number of *extra* functions are defined in this module. Non mpz-arguments are converted to mpz-values first, and the functions return mpz-numbers. -- function of module mpz: powm (BASE, EXPONENT, MODULUS) Return `pow(BASE, EXPONENT) % MODULUS'. If `EXPONENT == 0', return `mpz(1)'. In contrast to the C-library function, this version can handle negative exponents. -- function of module mpz: gcd (OP1, OP2) Return the greatest common divisor of OP1 and OP2. -- function of module mpz: gcdext (A, B) Return a tuple `(G, S, T)', such that `A*S + B*T == G == gcd(A, B)'. -- function of module mpz: sqrt (OP) Return the square root of OP. The result is rounded towards zero. -- function of module mpz: sqrtrem (OP) Return a tuple `(ROOT, REMAINDER)', such that `ROOT*ROOT + REMAINDER == OP'. -- function of module mpz: divm (NUMERATOR, DENOMINATOR, MODULUS) Returns a number Q. such that `Q * DENOMINATOR % MODULUS == NUMERATOR'. One could also implement this function in python, using `gcdext'. An mpz-number has one method: -- Method on mpz: binary () Convert this mpz-number to a binary string, where the number has been stored as an array of radix-256 digits, least significant digit first. The mpz-number must have a value greater than- or equal to zero, otherwise a `ValueError'-exception will be raised. File: python-lib.info, Node: md5, Prev: mpz, Up: CRYPTOGRAPHIC EXTENSIONS Built-in module `md5' ===================== This module implements the interface to RSA's MD5 message digest algorithm (see also the file `md5.doc'). It's use is very straightforward: use the function `md5' to create an "md5"-object. You can now "feed" this object with arbitrary strings. At any time you can ask the "final" digest of the object. Internally, a temorary copy of the object is made and the digest is computed and returned. Because of the copy, the digest operation is not desctructive for the object. Before a more exact description of the use, a small example: to obtain the digest of the string `'abc'', use ... >>> from md5 import md5 >>> m = md5() >>> m.update('abc') >>> m.digest() '\220\001P\230<\322O\260\326\226?}(\341\177r' More condensed: >>> md5('abc').digest() '\220\001P\230<\322O\260\326\226?}(\341\177r' -- function of module md5: md5 (ARG) Create a new md5-object. ARG is optional: if present, an initial `update' method is called with ARG as argument. An md5-object has the following methods: -- Method on md5: update (ARG) Update this md5-object with the string ARG. -- Method on md5: digest () Return the "digest" of this md5-object. Internally, a copy is made and the C-function `MD5Final' is called. Finally the digest is returned. -- Method on md5: copy () Return a separate copy of this md5-object. An `update' to this copy won't affect the original object. File: python-lib.info, Node: Function Index, Next: Variable Index, Prev: CRYPTOGRAPHIC EXTENSIONS, Up: Top Function Index ************** * Menu: * == (operator): Comparisons. * _exit: posix. * abs: Built-in Functions. * accept on socket: Socket Object. * acos: math. * acquire on lock: thread. * activate_form on form object: Form object. * add: audioop. * add: audio. * add_box on form object: Form object. * add_browser on form object: Form object. * add_button on form object: Form object. * add_choice on form object: Form object. * add_clock on form object: Form object. * add_counter on form object: Form object. * add_dial on form object: Form object. * add_input on form object: Form object. * add_lightbutton on form object: Form object. * add_menu on form object: Form object. * add_positioner on form object: Form object. * add_roundbutton on form object: Form object. * add_slider on form object: Form object. * add_text on form object: Form object. * add_timer on form object: Form object. * add_valslider on form object: Form object. * additem on menu: Menu Object. * adpcm2lin: audioop. * adpcm32lin: audioop. * allocate_lock: thread. * amplify: audio. * and (operator): Boolean Operations. * append: array. * append (list method): Mutable Sequence Types. * apply: Built-in Functions. * array: array. * arrow on text-edit: Text-edit Object. * asin: math. * askfile: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * askstr: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * askync: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * atan: math. * atan2: math. * atoi: string. * avail on socket: Socket Object. * avg: audioop. * avgpp: audioop. * b_read on capability: Capability Operations. * b_size on capability: Capability Operations. * baseline: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * baseline on drawing: Drawing Object. * basename: posixpath. * begindrawing on window: Window Object. * bgn_group on form object: Form object. * bias: audioop. * binary on mpz: mpz. * bind on socket: Socket Object. * bitmap on drawing: Drawing Object. * box on drawing: Drawing Object. * calcsize: struct. * ceil: math. * center: string. * change on window: Window Object. * chdir: posix. * check on menu: Menu Object. * check_forms: Functions defined in module fl. * chmod: posix. * choice: rand. * chr: Built-in Functions. * chr2num: audio. * circle on drawing: Drawing Object. * cliprect on drawing: Drawing Object. * close: posix. * close on audio device: Audio device object methods. * close on bitmap: Bitmap Object. * close on drawing: Drawing Object. * close on file: File Objects. * close on menu: Menu Object. * close on socket: Socket Object. * close on text-edit: Text-edit Object. * close on window: Window Object. * closeport on audio port object: al. * cmp: Built-in Functions. * coerce: Built-in Functions. * color: Functions defined in module fl. * commonprefix: posixpath. * compile: regex. * compile: Built-in Functions. * compress: jpeg. * connect on socket: Socket Object. * connectionnumber: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * copy on md5: md5. * cos: math. * cosh: math. * count (list method): Mutable Sequence Types. * crop: imageop. * cross: audioop. * deactivate_form on form object: Form object. * decompress: jpeg. * defpanellist: panel. * delete_object on FORMS object: FORMS object. * digest on md5: md5. * dir: Built-in Functions. * dir_append on capability: Capability Operations. * dir_delete on capability: Capability Operations. * dir_list on capability: Capability Operations. * dir_lookup on capability: Capability Operations. * dir_replace on capability: Capability Operations. * dither2grey2: imageop. * dither2mono: imageop. * divm: mpz. * divmod: Built-in Functions. * do_forms: Functions defined in module fl. * drain on audio device: Audio device object methods. * draw on text-edit: Text-edit Object. * dump: marshal. * dumps: marshal. * dup: posix. * dup2: posix. * elarc on drawing: Drawing Object. * enable on menu: Menu Object. * end_group on form object: Form object. * enddrawing on drawing: Drawing Object. * endpick: gl. * endselect: gl. * enumerate: fm. * erase on drawing: Drawing Object. * eval: Built-in Functions. * event on text-edit: Text-edit Object. * exec: Built-in Functions. * exec: posix. * execfile: Built-in Functions. * exists: posixpath. * exit: sys. * exit_prog: thread. * exit_thread: thread. * exp: math. * expandtabs: string. * expanduser: posixpath. * fabs: math. * fetchcolor: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * fileno: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * fileno on socket: Socket Object. * fillcircle on drawing: Drawing Object. * fillelarc on drawing: Drawing Object. * fillpoly on drawing: Drawing Object. * find: string. * find_first on form object: Form object. * find_last on form object: Form object. * findfactor: audioop. * findfit: audioop. * findfont: fm. * findmax: audioop. * fleep: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * float: Built-in Functions. * float (built-in function): Numeric Types. * floor: math. * flush on audio device: Audio device object methods. * flush on file: File Objects. * fmod: math. * fontpath: fm. * fork: posix. * freeze_form on form object: Form object. * freeze_object on FORMS object: FORMS object. * frexp: math. * fromfd: socket. * fromlist: array. * fromstring: array. * fstat: posix. * gcd: mpz. * gcdext: mpz. * geom2rect: rect. * get_directory: Functions defined in module fl. * get_filename: Functions defined in module fl. * get_mouse: Functions defined in module fl. * get_pattern: Functions defined in module fl. * get_rgbmode: Functions defined in module fl. * getactive: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * getattr: Built-in Functions. * getbgcolor: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * getbgcolor on drawing: Drawing Object. * getbit on bitmap: Bitmap Object. * getchannels on audio configuration object: al. * getcomment on font handle: fm. * getconfig on audio port object: al. * getcutbuffer: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * getcwd: posix. * getdefscrollbars: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * getdefwinpos: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * getdefwinsize: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * getdocsize on window: Window Object. * getegid: posix. * geteuid: posix. * getevent: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * getfd on audio port object: al. * getfgcolor: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * getfgcolor on drawing: Drawing Object. * getfillable on audio port object: al. * getfilled on audio port object: al. * getfillpoint on audio port object: al. * getfloatmax on audio configuration object: al. * getfocus on text-edit: Text-edit Object. * getfocustext on text-edit: Text-edit Object. * getfontinfo on font handle: fm. * getfontname on font handle: fm. * getgid: posix. * getgrall: grp. * getgrgid: grp. * getgrnam: grp. * gethostbyname: socket. * getinfo on audio device: Audio device object methods. * getmcolor: Functions defined in module fl. * getorigin on window: Window Object. * getoutgain: audio. * getparams: al. * getpeername on socket: Socket Object. * getpid: posix. * getppid: posix. * getpwall: pwd. * getpwnam: pwd. * getpwuid: pwd. * getqueuesize on audio configuration object: al. * getrect on text-edit: Text-edit Object. * getsampfmt on audio configuration object: al. * getsample: audioop. * getscrmm: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * getscrsize: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * getselection: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * getservbyname: socket. * getsize on bitmap: Bitmap Object. * getsizes: imgfile. * getsockname on socket: Socket Object. * getsockopt on socket: Socket Object. * getstatus on audio port object: al. * getstrwidth on font handle: fm. * gettext on text-edit: Text-edit Object. * gettitle on window: Window Object. * gettitle on window: Window Object. * getuid: posix. * getwidth on audio configuration object: al. * getwidth on audio configuration object: al. * getwinpos on window: Window Object. * getwinsize on window: Window Object. * gmtime: time. * grey22grey: imageop. * grey2grey2: imageop. * grey2grey4: imageop. * grey2mono: imageop. * grey42grey: imageop. * group on regex: regex. * gsub: regsub. * has_key (dictionary method): Mapping Types. * hasattr: Built-in Functions. * hash: Built-in Functions. * hex: Built-in Functions. * hide_form on form object: Form object. * hide_object on FORMS object: FORMS object. * ibufcount on audio device: Audio device object methods. * id: Built-in Functions. * in (operator): Sequence Types. * in (operator): Comparisons. * index: string. * index (list method): Mutable Sequence Types. * init: fm. * input: Built-in Functions. * insert: array. * insert (list method): Mutable Sequence Types. * inset: rect. * int: Built-in Functions. * int (built-in function): Numeric Types. * intersect: rect. * invert on drawing: Drawing Object. * is (operator): Comparisons. * is not (operator): Comparisons. * is_empty: rect. * isabs: posixpath. * isatty on file: File Objects. * isdir: posixpath. * isfile: posixpath. * islink: posixpath. * ismount: posixpath. * isqueued: Functions defined in module fl. * join: posixpath. * join: string. * joinfields: string. * keys (dictionary method): Mapping Types. * kill: posix. * ldexp: math. * len: Built-in Functions. * len (built-in function): Sequence Types. * len (built-in function): Mapping Types. * lin2adpcm: audioop. * lin2adpcm3: audioop. * lin2lin: audioop. * lin2ulaw: audioop. * line on drawing: Drawing Object. * lineheight: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * lineheight on drawing: Drawing Object. * link: posix. * listdir: posix. * listen on socket: Socket Object. * listfontnames: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * ljust: string. * load: marshal. * loads: marshal. * localtime: time. * locked on lock: thread. * log: math. * log10: math. * long: Built-in Functions. * long (built-in function): Numeric Types. * lower: string. * lseek: posix. * lstat: posix. * make_form: Functions defined in module fl. * makefile on socket: Socket Object. * mapcolor: Functions defined in module fl. * match: regex. * match on regex: regex. * max: Built-in Functions. * max: audioop. * max (built-in function): Sequence Types. * maxpp: audioop. * md5: md5. * menucreate: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * menucreate on window: Window Object. * message: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * millisleep: time. * millitimer: time. * min: Built-in Functions. * min (built-in function): Sequence Types. * mkdir: posix. * mktime: time. * modf: math. * mono2grey: imageop. * move on text-edit: Text-edit Object. * mpz: mpz. * mul: audioop. * mul: audioop. * name_append: amoeba. * name_delete: amoeba. * name_lookup: amoeba. * name_replace: amoeba. * newbitmap: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * newconfig: al. * nice: posix. * noclip on drawing: Drawing Object. * normcase: posixpath. * not (operator): Boolean Operations. * not in (operator): Comparisons. * not in (operator): Sequence Types. * num2chr: audio. * nurbscurve: gl. * nurbssurface: gl. * nvarray: gl. * obufcount on audio device: Audio device object methods. * oct: Built-in Functions. * open: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * open: sunaudiodev. * open: Built-in Functions. * open: dbm. * open: posix. * openport: al. * or (operator): Boolean Operations. * ord: Built-in Functions. * pack: struct. * paint on drawing: Drawing Object. * pick: gl. * pipe: posix. * pointinrect: rect. * poll_playing: audio. * poll_recording: audio. * pollevent: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * poly on drawing: Drawing Object. * popen: posix. * pow: Built-in Functions. * pow: math. * powm: mpz. * prstr: fm. * pwlcurve: gl. * qdevice: Functions defined in module fl. * qenter: Functions defined in module fl. * qread: Functions defined in module fl. * qreset: Functions defined in module fl. * qtest: Functions defined in module fl. * queryparams: al. * rand: rand. * random: whrandom. * range: Built-in Functions. * raw_input: Built-in Functions. * read: array. * read: imgfile. * read: audio. * read: posix. * read on audio device: Audio device object methods. * read on file: File Objects. * readline on file: File Objects. * readlines on file: File Objects. * readlink: posix. * readsamps on audio port object: al. * readscaled: imgfile. * rect2geom: rect. * recv on socket: Socket Object. * recvfrom on socket: Socket Object. * redraw_form on form object: Form object. * redraw_object on FORMS object: FORMS object. * release on lock: thread. * reload: Built-in Functions. * remove (list method): Mutable Sequence Types. * rename: posix. * replace on text-edit: Text-edit Object. * repr: Built-in Functions. * resetselection: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * reverse: audio. * reverse: audioop. * reverse (list method): Mutable Sequence Types. * rjust: string. * rmdir: posix. * rms: audioop. * rotatecutbuffers: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * round: Built-in Functions. * samefile: posixpath. * scale: imageop. * scalefont on font handle: fm. * scroll on window: Window Object. * search: regex. * search on regex: regex. * seed: whrandom. * seek on file: File Objects. * select: select. * select: gl. * send on socket: Socket Object. * sendto on socket: Socket Object. * set_call_back on FORMS object: FORMS object. * set_event_call_back: Functions defined in module fl. * set_form_position on form object: Form object. * set_graphics_mode: Functions defined in module fl. * set_syntax: regex. * setactive on window: Window Object. * setattr: Built-in Functions. * setbgcolor: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * setbgcolor on drawing: Drawing Object. * setbit on bitmap: Bitmap Object. * setchannels on audio configuration object: al. * setconfig on audio port object: al. * setcutbuffer: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * setdefscrollbars: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * setdefwinpos: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * setdefwinsize: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * setdocsize on window: Window Object. * setduration: audio. * setfgcolor: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * setfgcolor on drawing: Drawing Object. * setfillpoint on audio port object: al. * setfloatmax on audio configuration object: al. * setfocus on text-edit: Text-edit Object. * setfont: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * setfont on drawing: Drawing Object. * setfont on font handle: fm. * setinfo on audio device: Audio device object methods. * setitem on menu: Menu Object. * setoption: jpeg. * setorigin on window: Window Object. * setoutgain: audio. * setparams: al. * setpath: fm. * setprofile: sys. * setqueuesize on audio configuration object: al. * setrate: audio. * setsampfmt on audio configuration object: al. * setselection on window: Window Object. * setsockopt on socket: Socket Object. * settext on text-edit: Text-edit Object. * settimer on window: Window Object. * settitle on window: Window Object. * settrace: sys. * setview on text-edit: Text-edit Object. * setwincursor on window: Window Object. * setwinpos on window: Window Object. * setwinsize on window: Window Object. * shade on drawing: Drawing Object. * show on window: Window Object. * show_choice: Functions defined in module fl. * show_file_selector: Functions defined in module fl. * show_form on form object: Form object. * show_input: Functions defined in module fl. * show_message: Functions defined in module fl. * show_object on FORMS object: FORMS object. * show_question: Functions defined in module fl. * shutdown on socket: Socket Object. * sin: math. * sinh: math. * sleep: time. * socket: socket. * sort (list method): Mutable Sequence Types. * split: posixpath. * split: string. * split: regsub. * splitext: posixpath. * splitfields: string. * sqrt: math. * sqrt: mpz. * sqrtrem: mpz. * srand: rand. * start_new_thread: thread. * start_playing: audio. * start_recording: audio. * stat: posix. * std_info on capability: Capability Operations. * stop_playing: audio. * stop_recording: audio. * str: Built-in Functions. * strip: string. * sub: regsub. * swapcase: string. * symlink: posix. * system: posix. * tan: math. * tanh: math. * tell on file: File Objects. * text on drawing: Drawing Object. * textbreak: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * textbreak on drawing: Drawing Object. * textcreate on window: Window Object. * textwidth: Functions Defined in Module stdwin. * textwidth on drawing: Drawing Object. * tie: Functions defined in module fl. * time: time. * timeout: amoeba. * times: posix. * tod_gettime on capability: Capability Operations. * tod_settime on capability: Capability Operations. * tolist: array. * tomono: audioop. * tostereo: audioop. * tostring: array. * tovideo: imageop. * type: Built-in Functions. * type (built-in function): Built-in Objects. * ulaw2lin: audioop. * umask: posix. * uname: posix. * unfreeze_form on form object: Form object. * unfreeze_object on FORMS object: FORMS object. * union: rect. * unlink: posix. * unpack: struct. * unqdevice: Functions defined in module fl. * update on md5: md5. * upper: string. * utime: posix. * varray: gl. * vnarray: gl. * wait: posix. * wait_playing: audio. * wait_recording: audio. * waitpid: posix. * walk: posixpath. * write: audio. * write: posix. * write: imgfile. * write: array. * write on audio device: Audio device object methods. * write on file: File Objects. * writesamps on audio port object: al. * xorcircle on drawing: Drawing Object. * xorelarc on drawing: Drawing Object. * xorline on drawing: Drawing Object. * xorpoly on drawing: Drawing Object. * zfill: string. File: python-lib.info, Node: Variable Index, Next: Module Index, Prev: Function Index, Up: Top Variable Index ************** * Menu: * AF_INET: socket. * AF_UNIX: socket. * AttributeError: Exceptions. * EOFError: Exceptions. * IOError: Exceptions. * ImportError: Exceptions. * IndexError: Exceptions. * KeyError: Exceptions. * KeyboardInterrupt: Exceptions. * MemoryError: Exceptions. * NameError: Exceptions. * None (Built-in object): Truth Value Testing. * OverflowError: Exceptions. * RuntimeError: Exceptions. * SOCK_DGRAM: socket. * SOCK_STREAM: socket. * SyntaxError: Exceptions. * SystemError: Exceptions. * SystemExit: Exceptions. * TypeError: Exceptions. * ValueError: Exceptions. * ZeroDivisionError: Exceptions. * altzone: time. * argv: sys. * atoi_error: string. * builtin_module_names: sys. * capv: amoeba. * casefold: regex. * curdir: os. * daylight: time. * digits: string. * e: math. * empty: rect. * environ: posix. * error: rect. * error: imgfile. * error: imageop. * error: sunaudiodev. * error: audioop. * error: regex. * error: posix. * error: socket. * error: select. * error: dbm. * error: thread. * error: amoeba. * error: struct. * exc_traceback: sys. * exc_type: sys. * exc_value: sys. * exitfunc: sys. * hexdigits: string. * index_error: string. * itemsize: array. * last: regex. * last_traceback: sys. * last_type: sys. * last_value: sys. * letters: string. * lowercase: string. * math (Built-in object): Numeric Types. * modules: sys. * name: os. * octdigits: string. * pardir: os. * path: sys. * path: os. * pi: math. * ps1: sys. * ps2: sys. * regs: regex. * sep: os. * stderr: sys. * stdin: sys. * stdout: sys. * timezone: time. * translate: regex. * typecode: array. * tzname: time. * uppercase: string. * whitespace: string.